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5X00121G01
PID操控器有4个主要的参数K p、T I、T D和T S需整定,不管哪一个参数挑选得不适宜都会影响操控效果。在整定参数时应把握住PID参数与体系动态、静态功能之间的联系。
在P(份额)、I(积分)、D(微分)这三种操控效果中,份额有些与差错信号在时刻上是共同的,只需差错一呈现,份额有些就能及时地发生与差错成正比的调理效果,具有调理及时的特色。份额系数K p越大,份额调理效果越强,体系的稳态精度越高;可是关于大多数体系,K p过大会使体系的输出量振动加重,稳定性降低。
积分效果与当时差错的巨细和差错的历史状况都有联系,只需差错不为零,操控器的输出就会因积分效果而不断改变,一向要到差错消失,体系处于稳定状况时,积分有些才不再改变。因而,积分有些可以稳态差错,进步操控精度,可是积分效果的动作缓慢,能够给体系的动态稳定性带来不良影响。积分时刻常数T I增大时,积分效果削弱,体系的动态功能(稳定性)能够有所改进,可是稳态差错的速度减慢。
微分有些是依据差错改变的速度,提早给出较大的调理效果。微分有些反映了体系改变的趋势,它较份额调理更为及时,所以微分有些具有超前和预测的特色。微分时刻常数T D增大时,超调量减小,动态功能得到改进,可是按捺高频搅扰的才能降低。
选取采样周期T S时,应使它远远小于体系阶跃呼应的纯滞后时刻或上升时刻。为使采样值能及时反映模拟量的改变,T S越小越好。可是T S太小会增加CPU的运算工作量,相邻两次采样的差值简直没有什么改变,所以也不宜将T S获得过小
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